Preventing Opioid Overdose: Focus on Fentanyl

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根据美国.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), 42% of all counterfeit pills tested contained a potentially lethal dose 芬太尼的. 致命剂量的芬太尼 可以少到2毫克，这取决于一个人的体型、耐受性和过去的使用情况——那是多少 a fraction of raindrop or a few grains of salt. 

芬太尼可以在非处方药中找到除了 一家药店. Drug traffickers often mix fentanyl into other drugs because it’s cheaper 用芬太尼制造快感. Fentanyl can take the form of a powder, a capsule, 或者可以压成看起来像处方阿片类药物的假药， such as oxycodone (Oxycontin®, Percocet®) and hydrocodone (Vicodin®); alprazolam (Xanax®); or stimulants like amphetamines (Adderall®).  你还能在哪里找到芬太尼?

• Fentanyl is sometimes mixed in with heroin but is much more potent.
• 冰毒和可卡因有时会加入芬太尼以降低生产成本.
• 许多毒品供应商将芬太尼与冰毒或奥施康定混合，然后加入红色、黄色或蓝色 food coloring to form a pill sold as MDMA, or ecstasy.

因此，吸毒者很容易在不知情的情况下摄入致命剂量 芬太尼的.

• The following tips can help you or a loved one avoid opioid overdose:
  • Take medicine as prescribed by your practitioner.
  • Do not take more medication or take it more often than instructed.
  • Never mix pain medicines with alcohol, sleeping pills, or illicit. 物质. 使用 不同的药物混合在一起，包括酒精，会增加你服药过量的风险.
  • 不要吃别人的药.
  • 将您的药物储存在室外，防止儿童和宠物误食 接触不到的地方.
  • 处理 未使用药物安全.
• 任何使用含有芬太尼的药物的人，即使是偶尔，都有风险 过量致死. If you choose to use drugs, there are steps you can take to reduce but not eliminate your risk of overdose due to fentanyl:
  • 不要单独使用毒品. Identify someone who remains sober and can monitor your safety 如果你喝醉了.  
  • 得到 烯丙羟吗啡酮. 纳洛酮是一种紧急药物，可以逆转过量服用海洛因和 其他阿片类药物，包括芬太尼. When you use drugs, leave 烯丙羟吗啡酮 out where others 能找到吗?.
  • 如果你过去使用过芬太尼或其他物质，但最近清醒了， your tolerance for the drug has likely decreased. If you choose to use again, be mindful 药物效力的潜在变化，从比你可能的小剂量开始 过去用过吗.
  • Test your drugs using fentanyl test strips. 

Fentanyl test strips can detect the presence 芬太尼的. 然而，这很重要 要知道 a negative result does not mean there is no fentanyl present. 例如，芬太尼可能存在于药丸的未测试区域，或者药丸可能含有 一种不同的合成阿片类药物. To be effective, fentanyl test strips need to be used in accordance with directions such as 这些. 

• Fentanyl test strips can be purchased from:

  亚马逊(在线订购)
  舞蹈安全 (网上订购)
  北科罗拉多健康联盟 (资源咨询电话:1-844-944-7529)
  Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (《皇冠app安卓下载安装》内的接驳程序一览表)

• Fentanyl strips are also available at no charge from

  北科罗拉多健康网络 (也被称为NCAP，或北科罗拉多接入点)，位于UNC附近 大学:

  17街807号D套房
  格里利，CO 80631
  970-353-1177

  小鸟光 (免费试纸5条，鼓励捐赠)

阿片类药物过量会危及生命，需要立即紧急处理. 这是 重要的是要知道，药物过量的迹象是不同的取决于物质 用户摄取. 当有人服用过量时，这并不总是很明显，这是一个常见的误解 一个人必须处于明显的无意识状态或者处于严重的痛苦中才会有吗 overdose, but that’s not always the case.

• 除了失去意识之外，还有一些其他的过量服用的信号. Call 911 immediately if a person exhibits ANY of the following symptoms:
  • Their face is extremely pale and/or feels clammy or cold to the touch.
  • 他们的身体变得软弱无力.
  • Their fingernails or lips have a purple or blue color.
  • They start 呕吐物ing or making gurgling noises.
  • They cannot be awakened or are unable to speak.
  • Their breathing or heartbeat slows, is abnormal, or stops.

记住: 对于一个人来说，没有必要表现出所列出的所有症状都是过量服用的表现 even one symptom could be a sign of an overdose.

• 如果你怀疑某人正在经历阿片类药物过量，立即考虑 以下行动可以拯救他们的生命:
  • If you are on-campus, call UNC Police Department at 970-351-2245 to engage first responders for medical support. 如果你不在学校，打电话 911.
  • 如果有的话给纳洛酮. Spray Narcan® Nasal Spray into one nostril or inject intramuscular 烯丙羟吗啡酮 into the upper arm or thigh.
  • 如果病人没有呼吸，进行人工呼吸(人工呼吸)或心肺复苏术 知道如何.
  • Wait two minutes for the person to respond. Continue rescue breathing (or CPR if you 训练). If the person does not respond after two minutes, give a second dose 纳洛酮的.
  • 让伤者侧身躺下，保持救援姿势，这样他们就不会窒息 呕吐物.
  • 等待救援.

• Naloxone is the generic name for Narcan®.
• 纳洛酮(Narcan®)仅对阿片类药物(如海洛因、芬太尼和处方药)有效 painkillers) but is safe to use, even if opioids aren’t present.
• 任何需要纳洛酮的人都可以在参与的药店获得，而无需处方. 这包括有过量用药风险的人和可能看到其他人的人 用药.
• 纳洛酮有不同的使用方法，可以是鼻腔喷雾剂，也可以是 通过肌内注射.

在紧急情况下，已在每个AED(自动)中放置鼻喷纳洛酮剂量 external defibrillator) unit located across the UNC campus.
在校园紧急情况下，请拨打皇冠app官方版下载警察局电话970-351-2245寻求指导 to an AED near you, and to begin the process of engaging first responders.